Brunei Darussalam

Brunei Darussalam has a total land area of 5,770 km2 and shares a land border with Malaysia on the island of Borneo. In 2023, the country had a population of 458,950 people. The country is independent from energy imports due to its vast domestic oil and gas reserves. In 2023, the GDP (World Development Indicators) was around 15.1 billion USD, of which 50% was still from oil and gas revenues [1].​

Despite relying massively on fossil fuel, the country intends to diversify its energy mix by incorporating renewable energy, specifically solar PV. Brunei also planned to develop the Temburong Smart City, where this city would be powered mostly by solar. According to the ASEAN Renewable Energy Development Report, the region’s average annual solar energy potential is between 400 and 500 W/m2. Brunei Darussalam has zero percentage of citizens living without electricity, with electricity power consumption of 10,484 kWh per capita in 2023 [2]. The price of electricity in Brunei is relatively cheap, despite high income, leading to the highest electricity consumption per capita in Southeast Asia in 2023.

[1] National account with conversion value of WDI
[2] Country official data