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  • Electricity/Power Grid
12 November 2018

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  • Philippines

The Philippines’ electricity market has undergone major reform, with the Wholesale Electricity Spot Market (WESM) passing from state control to a newly formed independent body.

The transition was formally undertaken on September 26, with the creation of the Independent Electricity Market Operator of the Philippines (IEMOP) in line with the aim of the Electric Power Industry Reform Act – passed in 2001 – to establish a “strong and purely independent regulatory body and system to ensure consumer protection and enhance the competitive operation of the electricity market”.

The objective of the IEMOP is to provide a reliable and secure electricity supply at affordable and reasonable prices while guaranteeing a transparent, free and competitive power market, according to the Department of Energy (DoE).

Established in 2006, the WESM functions as the platform for buyers and sellers to trade electricity as a commodity, with prices based on supply and demand. Before being handed over to the IEMOP, operation and governance of the WESM came under the remit of the Philippine Electricity Market Corporation.

As well as operating the WESM, the IEMOP is tasked with facilitating the registration and participation of generation firms, distribution utilities, directly connected customers or bulk users, suppliers, and contestable customers on the spot market.

The IEMOP also determines the schedules of generating units that supply electricity to the grid – alongside the corresponding spot market prices of electricity – and manages the metering, billing, settlement and collection of spot trading funds.

Though fully autonomous, the DoE and the Energy Regulatory Commission will retain an oversight role in the marketplace, serving as the monitoring authorities for regulatory compliance by the WESM and ensuring that no breaches of governing codes or anti-competitive behaviour take place.

EGs and SGFs mandated to register at WESM

Just prior to its being hived off from direct DoE control, the WESM’s authority was expanded, giving it greater power and oversight functions over private-sector self-generating facilities (SGFs) and certain types of embedded generators (EGs) – the latter being generating units that connect to the grid via a distribution utility.

Under the terms of a directive issued at the end of August, businesses with SGFs or EGs with a maximum stable load of 10MW on the Luzon grid or 5MW on the Visayas and Mindanao grids will be required to register with the WESM and cooperate to ensure they meet the standards required to feed into the grid.

The new requirement also expands the generation capacity the IEMOP can call upon and increases opportunities for smaller, stand-alone producers to sell capacity.

Overall electricity prices continue to rise

Although officials have said the newly formed IEMOP will help boost competition in the power market and thus potentially reduce tariffs, an increase in overall electricity rates has been recorded in recent months, contributing significantly to high inflation this year, which rose from 3.8 per cent in January to 6.7 per cent in September, according to the Philippine Statistics Authority.

Manila Electric Company (Meralco) customers, for example, saw prices rise by 0.3136 pesos per KWh to 10.1925 pesos (US$0.188) per KWh in July, and again in August to 10.219 pesos (US$0.1885) per KWh.

There will also be incremental increases in costs resulting from the government’s tax reform programme, Francis Saturnino Juan, president of the IEMOP, told a seminar at the end of September, predicting that new taxes on fuel could see prices pushed up by P0.1111 ($0.002) in 2019 and 0.1311 pesos (US$0.0024) per kWh in 2020.

These upticks could be further inflated if the upstream sector does not maintain the flow of new investments in generation capacity.

“If there is a comfortable cushion between the offered capacity and the demand, prices tend to be stable,” Juan said. “But every time there is a rise in demand or a reduction in supply, the buffer reduces and there is a corresponding spike or increase in prices.”

Indeed, while there is a supply cushion in key markets such as Luzon, this will be eroded by 2022 unless new investments in generation capacity are made, according to recent DoE projections, with demand forecast to rise by 4.9 per cent annually. In Visayas the supply margin has almost been eliminated.

This Philippines economic update was produced by Oxford Business Group.

  • Energy Cooperation
12 November 2018

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  • Vietnam
Prime Minister Nguyen Xuan Phuc (right) and his French counterpart Edouard Philippe sign deals worth up to US$10 billion during the latter’s visit to Vietnam. (Vietnam News/ANN/File)

Prime Minister Nguyen Xuan Phuc and his French counterpart Edouard Philippe affirmed their determination to deepen the Vietnam-France strategic partnership for shared benefit during their talks in Hanoi on Nov. 2 as part of the French PM’s ongoing visit to Vietnam.

PM Phuc lauded the tour to Vietnam by Philippe, saying it is the second high-level visit between the two countries in 2018 after the visit to France by Party General Secretary Nguyen Phu Trong back in March.

The two sides agreed to increase delegation exchanges at all levels, especially high level, while promoting the role of co-ordination and direction mechanisms for bilateral co-operation, and forging stronger partnerships in politics, economy, defense, science-technology, culture, and education-training.

The two leaders underscored that economic collaboration continues to be a priority in bilateral ties, stressing the need to speed up major joint projects and foster the relationship between Vietnam and the European Union.

Philippe stated that France supports the early signing and ratification of a free trade agreement between Vietnam and the EU, underlining France’s commitment to maintaining development co-operation with Vietnam in the future.

Both sides concurred to promote collaboration in building e-government and modernizing state administrative governance, which is a new and promising cooperation area.

They will encourage and create favorable conditions for businesses of both sides to enhance their economic and investment partnership in areas of France’s strength and Vietnam’s demand such as infrastructure, energy, aviation-aerospace, health care, science-technology, communications, climate change response, and smart cities.

They highlighted the significance of co-operation in education and training, including the development of the University of Science and Technology of Hanoi to an international-standard facility.

The two sides agreed to expand ties in culture, stressing the determination to turn cultural institutions of each country into centers for cultural cooperation and exchange, including the Vietnamese Cultural Centre in France and the French Institute in Vietnam.

They shared the hope to strengthen partnership in security and defense as well as increase visits of French military ships to Vietnam, and support Vietnam in joining UN peacekeeping operations.

The two PMs agreed to enhance coordination in ensuring the success of the 11th conference on cooperation between Vietnamese and French localities scheduled for early April 2019 in Toulouse, France.

They pledged to work closely at multilateral forums, especially the UN and the Francophonie, while supporting each other in developing relations between France and Asia Pacific countries as well as between Vietnam and EU members.

The two sides will also promote collaboration in coping with global challenges, especially climate change.

Both Vietnamese and French PMs stressed the significance of ensuring peace, stability and strengthening regional and international co-operation. They affirmed their commitments to maintaining navigation and aviation freedom, and solving disputes in the East Sea through peaceful measures in line with international law, including the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea 1982.

The French PM expressed his hope to enhance the role of France in the Asia-Pacific region.

The same day, Phuc and Philippe witnessed the signing of a number of cooperation agreements between the two countries in various areas, including training, e-government development, healthcare, climate change response, environmental protection, urban management, energy and aviation – including a $6.5 billion deal to purchase 50 Airbus aircrafts by the private budget carrier Vietjet Air.

  • Renewables
12 November 2018

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  • Singapore

The liberalisation of Singapore’s electricity market has given consumers the freedom to choose their electricity providers. Will price comparison platforms like Voltz help Singaporeans switch to green energy?

From 1 November, Singaporeans were given the power to choose their electricity provider. This is a first for Singapore residents—households have only been able to buy electricity from the national provider until now.

The liberalisation of the electricity market, known as the Open Electricity Market (OEM), was announced by the Energy Market Authority (EMA) in September. It will allow consumers to choose from 13 licensed residential retailers—buying electricity will now be like shopping for a telco data plan.

The pilot phase of the OEM—which began in April—has seen 30 per cent of consumers switch from national provider SP Group to other retailers.

The most likely reason for switching is cost. Singaporeans griped about rising electricity tariffs imposed by SP Group earlier this year, and the OEM presents an opportunity for consumers to reduce their electricity bills by 20 per cent or more, according to EMA chief executive Ngiam Shih Chun.

With consumers spoilt for choice, confusion over the numerous options could prove a barrier for new retailers on the block. So providing the best user experience will be key to facilitating the switch to a new retailer. Currently, the challenge is the lack of a convenient platform for consumers to shop for electricity. To bridge this gap in the market, price comparison platforms such as Voltz Energy have popped up to make the decision process easier.

Voltz provides an overview of all the available electricity offerings, allowing consumers to compare plans, promotions and bundled deals in real time. This reduces confusion and saves consumers the time and hassle of having to do their own research when choosing a retailer.

Small-to-medium enterprises (SMEs), whose electricity consumption tends to be lower, lack awareness about the OEM and the retailer options available, Wicknesh Maratheyah, managing director of Voltz, told Eco-Business. The price comparison platform can prove useful in educating not just residential consumers, but SMEs too.

What makes Voltz unique is its auction feature. When using Voltz, consumers can initiate an auction, and retailers can bid for their business in real time. This benefits consumers as competition between the retailers can lower the price points even further.

“Competition is the best negotiator,” says Maratheyah. “Compared to a standard comparison of price plans where what you see is what you get—take it or leave it—the auction feature allows retailers to compete and offer a better price than they originally published on the site.”

The digital platform is the first in Singapore to offer real time electricity price searches, comparisons and transactions. The consumer is able to interact directly with the retailer and vice versa, eliminating the need for a virtual salesman and ensuring electricity price transparency.

“A lot of websites do the search on your behalf—the virtual salesman is the one doing the comparison,” Maratheyah says. “You won’t know if the [prices] are actually beneficial for you, or beneficial to the third party doing the comparisons.”

Voltz cuts out all the jargon and intermediaries, providing a non-arbitrated transparent platform for consumers to communicate and transact seamlessly with retailers, he says.

Not only is Voltz handy for consumers, but it benefits retailers as well. With Voltz’ dynamic plan builder—a business intelligence tool—retailers are able to observe, gather and analyse real time data on consumer behaviour through the auction feature, providing them with the flexibility to adjust their price plans on the fly. Over time as more residents auction their business, retailers can tailor their electricity prices to better suit consumers’ preferences, removing the need for retailers to use resources gathering information on consumer behaviour and market trends.

Making the leap to greener pastures

The historical monopolisation of the retail electricity market has long been a barrier to renewable energy developers in Singapore. With the opening of the electricity market, independent retailers will be able to access the residential consumer market, and sell green electricity from renewable energy sources—this is in line with the country’s ambition to increase the use of renewable sources of power such as solar.

But the entry of green electricity retailers does not guarantee adoption. A month after the start of the pilot phase in April, sign-up rates showed that consumers still seemed to favour fossil fuel-generated electricity—retailers like PacificLight Energy, Tuas Power Supply and Best Electricity Supply attracted 1,000 sign-ups or more, while solar energy retailer Sunseap described their sign-ups as “three-digit figures”.

Awareness is the key. There’s a growing push in society for businesses and consumers to reduce their carbon footprint and it’s in the consumers’ interest to have a sustainable energy option.

Wicknesh Maratheyah, managing director, Voltz Energy

While cost is likely to be the first factor consumers take into account, “smarter consumers” may choose the most sustainable option. “The quality of the product, the electricity itself, is the same regardless of which retailer you choose,” says Sivakumar Avadiar, co-founder and director of green electricity retailer ES Power. “What will differentiate retailers is the value add, such as green electricity, promotions and customer service.”

Less than 10 per cent of 500 consumers surveyed were willing to pay more for green electricity, according to a survey by ES Power.

But 20 per cent were willing to choose green electricity if prices were similar. 10 per cent of Sunseap Energy’s customers—another retailer providing green electricity sourced from solar energy—from the pilot phase also opted for 100 per cent clean energy, Laurence Kwan, director of Sunseap Energy told Eco-Business.

Evidently, the appetite to go green does seem to exist among Singaporeans. With the recent buzz over single-use plastic reduction and the opening of zero-waste grocery stores locally, environmental consciousness is growing in Singapore.

“Awareness is the key. There’s a growing push in society for businesses and consumers to reduce their carbon footprint and it’s in the consumers’ interest to have a sustainable energy option,” says Maratheyah.

Although price may be the deciding factor for most consumers, a transparent comparison platform like Voltz can increase consumers’ awareness of greener options—the availability of other more sustainable plans and retailers—Maratheyah says.

“There’s potential in the small but growing segment of consumers that value the transparency and accountability of green electricity retailers [through the issuance of Renewable Energy Certificates],” said Geraldine Tan, general manager of electricity retailer PacificLight Energy. “Coupled with affordable price points, green electricity is proving increasingly attractive to consumers.” Platforms such as Voltz can amplify and spread awareness of this transparency, contributing to the growing eco-consciousness of Singaporeans and empowering them to make more sustainable choices.

“It’s up to consumers whether or not they exercise that choice,” says the director of another green electricity retailer. “On a $100 bill for a typical three or four-room flat, green electricity will cost about a dollar more each month. So would you consider a greener product for the difference of a dollar?”

  • Oil & Gas
12 November 2018

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  • Philippines

Phoenix Petroleum Philippines led the latest price rollback of as much as P1.10 per liter effective 6 am Sunday. “For the 4th straight week and for motorists to enjoy lower pump prices for the long weekend, Phoenix Petroleum Philippines will decrease the prices of gasoline by P1.10 per liter and diesel by P1 per liter effective 6 am of 04 November 2018,” the company said in its advisory.  Other oil companies are expected to follow suit.  On Nov. 1, the oil firms cut cooking gas or liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) prices by a hefty P7.50 per kilo or P82.50 per 11-kilo LNG tank effective 12:01 am Nov. 1 to reflect the lower contract price of LPG in the world market for November. The oil firms also cut auto LPG prices by P4.20 per liter. The huge rollback for LPG followed the big-time rollback implemented by the oil companies early in the week of as much as P1.50 to P1.65 per liter for gasoline, P0.60 per liter for diesel and P0.65 per liter for kerosene. Year-to-date adjustments prior to the rollback implemented by Phoenix are now at a net increase of P8.70 per liter for gasoline, P10.60 per liter for diesel and P9.60 per liter for kerosene.

The Philippines imports more than 90 percent of its fuel requirements thus it is exposed to price volatilities in the world market.  World oil prices have declined recently but the market remains positive on the supply security due to the several developments, the Department of Energy said in its monitoring report. It said oil prices continued the downward trend after reports of strong build in US crude stockpiles and increased confidence about the availability of supplies towards the end of the year and into early 2019. Traders also noted that Iran’s exports have not declined as much as predicted a couple of months ago and it is now clear they will not fall to zero, even after US sanctions are imposed against Iran.

  • Coal
12 November 2018

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  • Philippines

The project faces opposition from residents and environmental groups in La Union.

MANILA, Philippines – Global Luzon Energy Development Corporation (GLEDC), the proponent of the 670-megawatt coal-fired power plant in Luna town in La Union, has obtained an environmental compliance certificate (ECC) issued by the environment department’s Environmental Management Bureau (EMB).

With an ECC, GLEDC can now secure necessary and relevant permits from other government agencies. Once completed, it can proceed with project implementation.

The project faces opposition from residents and environmental groups who are pushing for a local anti-coal ordinance just like what was done in Ilocos Norte, Bohol, and other provinces.

Joshua Maquiling of the Philippine Movement for Climate Justice said they found out about the ECC on Wednesday, October 31, and were dismayed with the decision, adding that the EMB played blind and deaf despite the overwhelming opposition of the affected residents.

For Maquiling, this is clearly denying the best interest of the municipality.

Where is the final EIS? According to EMB Director Metodio Turbella, GLEDC’s coal-fired power plant project already has a final Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) report that will be made public once the ECC has been issued.

According to the Philippine EIS System, an EIS is “a comprehensive study of the significant impacts of a project on the environment,” prepared by the project proponent and/or EIA consultant for an ECC application.

It should include an Environmental Management Plan/Program that the proponent will fund and implement to protect the environment.

The EMB issued the ECC last October 5 but to date, the final EIS has not yet been made public. The EMB office did not respond to our request for an interview.

Stakeholders opposing the project continue to demand a copy of the final EIS. Maquiling said they will “challenge and will institute legal complaints soon.”

In an earlier letter to Save Luna’s (Support and Advocate Valiantly for the Environment of Luna) legal counsel Romeo Camacho, Turbella stated that his office cannot grant their request to get a copy of the project’s final EIS because it is considered confidential.

He cited Section 3.1.5 of DENR Administrative Order 97-24 which states that “documents classified as confidential are solely available to concerned DENR officials/personnel and therefore cannot be accessed, handled, and reproduced by unauthorized persons.”

However, for Camacho, applying this rule is not within his power or authority because it is vested on the secretary of the DENR or his designated officer.

As such, Camacho challenged Turbella for arrogating upon himself the power or authority that does not rightfully belong to him because it belongs to the head of the department, Environment Secretary Roy Cimatu.

He also emphasized that Turbella cannot rule on what documents can be accessed or not because he’s not the department’s designated officer.

Camacho also accused Turbella of keeping the matter from the secretary. According to him, “not once did you furnish him a copy of your letter to us,” except the ECC.

But the overriding reason Camacho and his group are asking for a copy of the final EIS is because they are among the stakeholders.

“We need the documents so badly because we, the residents of Luna, who stand to be affected by the decision of your office, would like to be part of the decision-making process,” he said.

According to the implementing rules and regulations of the Philippine EIS System, stakeholders are entities who may be directly and significantly affected by the project or undertaking.

It said the effective regulatory review of the EIS depends largely on timely, full, and accurate disclosure of relevant information by project proponents and other stakeholders in the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) process.

More importantly, the process is undertaken by the project proponent and/or EIA consultant, the EMB, a review committee, affected communities, and other stakeholders, among others. – Rappler.com

  • Renewables
12 November 2018

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  • ASEAN

Philippine Energy Secretary Alfonso G. Cusi was the lone minister who made a pitch for nuclear option for the Southeast Asian region in this week’s 36th ASEAN Ministers on Energy Meeting (AMEM) in Singapore.

SHARING PH’S ELECTRIFICATION AGENDA WITH ASEAN – Philippine Energy Secretary Alfonso G. Cusi (3rd from right) has shared to participants at the Singapore International Energy Week (SIEW) the electrification agenda that the government has been pushing to provide access to electricity to the ‘unserved and underserved areas’ of the country. Joining him in the panel discussion also sharing the respective energy agenda of their countries are: Malaysia’s Minister of Energy, Science, Technology, Environment and Climate Change Yeo Bee Yin (3rd from left); and Singapore’s Senior Minister of State-Ministry of Trade Industry Koh Poh Koon (middle). Others in the panel have been Datuk Iain Lo, vice president for Commercial and New Business Development of Shell; Girish Tanti, co-founder and board member of Suzlon Energy; and Martin J. Houston, vice chairman of Tellurian. (Photo Credit: Singapore International Energy Week)

“I was the only one who raised it, because other countries like Singapore are not really up for it,” he said in an interview on the sidelines of the AMEM event in the city-state.

Even Vietnam, which recently backpedaled on its nuclear ambition, according to Cusi, had not been vocal on its position on the technology.

He emphasized that the Philippines still stood its ground on it “because my pitch was: we should study it because of the distinct vulnerability we are dealing with in terms of energy security in our country.”

Cusi admitted though that specific government action on the nuclear renaissance pathway of the country has not advanced yet because the national policy is still awaiting imprimatur from the Office of the President.

Nevertheless, he considers the recent statement of support from Finance Secretary Carlos G. Dominguez III “a boost” to the nuclear option, with him stressing that this is an affirmation to the Department of Energy’s effort in pushing for nuclear as a long-term energy option for the country.

“We need to have a balanced mix, nuclear is still a better option aside from coal,” he indicated; adding that since Dominguez is the Duterte administration’s economic cluster head, this could be a much needed stimulus to the country’s energy security goals.

Beyond the niggling puzzle as to the fate of the mothballed Bataan Nuclear Power Plant (BNPP), the DOE casts a nuclear power development track to help satiate the country’s energy needs onward to year 2040.

The Philippines is fiercely being cautioned though on its proposed fresh plunge into nuclear power development – as it may need to re-take “baby steps” on this investment path.

Aside from the very grueling facet of securing “community approval” on nuclear project location, the country has array of concerns yet to address: including harnessing expertise on nuclear technology deployment; crafting of enabling laws as well as policies and regulations and the creation of government agencies to man them – which altogether may require at least 15-year gestation period.

As had already been raised by experts, relying solely on the knowledge and competence of foreign experts would still be a “dangerous play” for countries intending to take a plunge into nuclear power in their energy mix agenda.

It has been emphasized that foreign experts could abandon a country even at the middle of its nuclear development activity, and when that happens, multitudes of problem could arise. Hence, it is widely recommended that the skills and talents of those to be deployed in nuclear power workforce have to be nurtured at home base.

When it comes to regulation, it is also critically needed that the designated officials governing and regulating the sector have deep knowledge of nuclear operations; and they should not just be the usual politically affiliated appointees of any current Malacañang occupant.

  • Renewables
12 November 2018

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  • ASEAN

In Southeast Asia, though, barring some exceptions such as in Thailand, support for renewables has been smaller, and the region lags far behind others in renewable output despite its potential, especially for solar, geothermal and wind power.

New Delhi: Southeast Asia is a potential hotspot for renewable energy, yet the region has not met expectations because it lacks policy frameworks that would encourage investment, the International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA) told Reuters.

Renewables across the world have typically been boosted by policies like price subsidies and guaranteed grid takeoff.

In Southeast Asia, though, barring some exceptions such as in Thailand, support for renewables has been smaller, and the region lags far behind others in renewable output despite its potential, especially for solar, geothermal and wind power.

One of the factors holding back renewables is the region’s abundance of thermal coal, of which Indonesia is the world’s biggest exporter.

“Some of the ministers here believe coal is one of their cheaper alternatives, which to some extent is due to the abundance of proven coal resources in Southeast Asia,” IRENA’s director general Adnan Amin told the Reuters Commodity Summit interview series this week.

Glencore, the world’s biggest thermal coal exporting company, said on Thursday that “Southeast Asia will drive future economic growth and demand for coal.”

The miner said “coal will account for 40 percent of energy growth” in Southeast Asia by 2040 despite the emergence of renewables in the region.

CATCHING UP

Global renewable capacity, excluding hydro, has soared from under 100,000 megawatts (MW) in 2000 to more than 1 million MW in 2017, according to IRENA data.

Only a tiny portion of that has come in Southeast Asia.

Europe and North America were the first regions to seriously boost renewable energy, and today, China is the leader in the sector, with India catching up.

Now, there are also efforts underway in Southeast Asia: the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) plans to generate 23 percent of its primary energy needs from renewables by 2025, up from just over 10 percent now.

To help achieve that, ASEAN and IRENA signed an agreement this week to boost renewable investment and deployment.

“I think the adoption of the 23 percent target is a very good step, but that needs to be translated now into policy actions,” said Amin.

“Over the next decade, a total of $290 billion will have to be invested for Southeast Asia to reach its targets, a ten-fold increase on the annual investments we’re seeing today,” Amin said, speaking to Reuters while attending Singapore’s International Energy Week (SIEW).

Amin said renewable investment, including in Southeast Asia, would receive a boost from “dramatic reductions in the cost of renewables.”

Solar panel prices have crashed to under 50 cents per watt of electricity, from around $70 per watt in 1980 as technology and manufacturing efficiency have improved.

“Solar is very dynamic right now, and is going to take the largest share of investments … We’re seeing over the next decade another 50-60 percent decrease in costs, which will bring electricity cost very close to zero,” Amin said.

At the same time, Amin said capital markets were starting to price carbon risks, raising the cost of fossil fuels.

“Financial institutions have started to bail out from financing coal, so, cost of investments in coal will rise while cost of investments in renewables are decreasing,” Amin said.

The latest major bank to pull out of coal financing was Britain’s Standard Chartered in September.

Renewable investments have soared over the past decade, though, reaching almost $1 trillion since 2015, IRENA said.

Amin said solar would also start to compete with natural gas, an industry that has so far seen itself as complementary to intermittent renewables. “We see the momentum on renewables going so fast that they’ve become competitive with gas power generation. Increasingly as people do the math about investments … the renewables will start to play a bigger and bigger role.”

  • Renewables
12 November 2018

 – 

  • Indonesia

Renewable brew: Indonesian geothermal project energises women coffee growers.

Coffee farmers in matrilineal villages in a mountainous region of Indonesia are getting assistance from a geothermal energy company, which said it is helping them to grow, roast and find global buyers for their beans.

Backed by the Asian Development Bank (ADB), PT Supreme Energy Rantau Dedap has been supporting coffee growers in South Sumatra province while building a nearby geothermal power plant.

This month, the company began linking them with buyers including PT Fortunium, Rumah Kopi Ranin and Indokom, which supply both the domestic and overseas markets, said company and ADB officials.

“We are now reaching out to a global market,” said Viswanathan Ramasubramanian of ADB on Wednesday.

“If there is an improvement in coffee quality, it has the potential to attract big sized buyers, which can further improve livelihoods,” he said by phone from the Philippines capital Manila, where ADB is based.

The geothermal project on Sumatra, a large and mountainous island west of the capital Jakarta, began in 2011 and is being built with $227 million of the funding provided by the ADB.

Coffee-growing communities in the area have a matrilineal culture, which means that women play a key role in society and property inheritance is passed down to the eldest daughter.

To make way for the geothermal plant, the company purchased 125 hectares (309 acres) of land from 150 households, which used the proceeds to buy nearby land for coffee farming.

Two years ago, Supreme Energy and ADB brought agronomists and other farming experts from Indonesian universities to review the coffee growing practices and provide training to increase yields.

After just six months, the annual coffee bean production of many farmers who took part in the training doubled, according to Ramasubramanian.

Earlier this year, more coffee specialists were called on to help improve the quality of the beans to eventually help farmers attract higher prices from international buyers.

To achieve the best prices, farmers also formed collectives for selling their coffee to local buyers, Ramasubramanian told the Thomson Reuters Foundation.

The power project also supported the formation of women’s groups in several villagers, with equipment and technology provided to help with coffee roasting, grinding and packaging.

“The plan is for the new coffee facilities to be developed step by step, to be mostly operated by local people, and prioritize the employment of women,” said Ismoyo Argo, a senior manager at Supreme Energy.

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