Coal Transition Pathways in ASEAN Advancing Energy Transition in CFPPs Through Technology Readiness and Policy Support

Highlights 

• The contribution of coal in ASEAN’s power generation will remain significant in the decades to come, even though it is projected to decrease under the AMS Targets Scenario.
• Coal transition technologies, such as coal upgrading, biomass and ammonia co-firing and CCUS, offer a pragmatic pathway to reduce emissions while maintaining energy security.
• Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Thailand and Viet Nam have begun pilot initiatives, but full-scale deployment remains limited by infrastructure, policy and financing gaps.
• ASEAN currently lacks harmonised regulations, fuel standards and CO₂ infrastructure, slowing the adoption of clean coal technologies across the region.
• Coordinated regional action, national roadmap integration, and targeted policy support are critical to accelerating the clean coal transition and enabling a future that reduces reliance on coal