Key Points

• Part of the Energy Supply and Security Planning in the ASEAN (ESSPA) Programme, funded by the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry (METI) of Japan, joint output by the ASEAN Centre for Energy (ACE), the Institute of Energy Economics, Japan (IEEJ) and National ESSPA Teams.
• The methodology applied for forecasting was econometric and used an engineering-based model with software (MICROFIT and LEAP), covers all 10 ASEAN Member States, and enriched with an analysis of an alternative energy development path.
• Projection Scenarios:
  1. Business-as-Usual (BAU)
     Based on GDP Growth Targets of the 10 Member States
  2. Alternative Policy Scenario
     Based on Energy Saving Goals and Action Plan of the 10 Member States in primary energy demand and CO₂ emissions.